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To Settle or Empanel? An Empirical Analysis of Litigation and Settlement at the World Trade Organization

REA Auditado

This paper seeks to understand the factors that cause disputes at the World Trade Organization to move from the negotiation stage to the panel stage. We hypothesize that transfer payments between states are costly to arrange and that the lowest-cost transfers are those that relate directly to the issue in dispute. This implies that when the subject matter of the dispute has an all-or-nothing character and leaves little room for compromise (for example, health and safety regulations), the parties’ ability to reach an agreement through the use of transfers is restricted.

Tema: general: 

• Ciencias Sociales›Educación

CATTLE, DOLPHINS, AND THE WTO: The Potential Impact of the World Trade Organization Agreements on United States Food Regulation

REA Auditado

This paper focuses specifically on the relationship between World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements and American regulation of food products and additives. Section I provides background information on how the United States regulates domestic and imported food products.

Tema: general: 

• General

Judicial Fact Discretion

REA Auditado

Following legal realists, we model the causes and consequences of trial judges exercising discretion in finding facts in a trial. We identify two motivations for the exercise of such discretion: judicial policy preferences and judges’ aversion to reversal on appeal when the law is unsettled. In the latter case, judges exercising fact discretion find the facts that fit the settled precedents, even when they have no policy preferences.

Tema: general: 

• Ciencias Sociales›Educación

Assessing Immigrant Assimilation: New Empirical and Theoretical Challenges

REA Auditado

This review examines research on the assimilation of immigrant groups. We review research on four primary benchmarks of assimilation: socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, language assimilation, and intermarriage. The existing literature shows that today's immigrants are largely assimilating into American society along each of these dimensions. This review also considers directions for future research on the assimilation of immigrant groups in new southern and midwestern gateways and how sociologists measure immigrant assimilation.

Tema: general: 

• Ciencias Sociales›Educación