Driven by the growing demand of personalization of medical procedures,
data-based, computer-aided cancer research in human patients is advancing at an
accelerating pace, providing a broadening landscape of opportunity for Computational
Intelligence methods and related techniques. This landscape can be observed from the wide-reaching view of population studies down to the genotype detail. In this introductory chapter, we provide a sweeping glimpse, by no means exhaustive, of the state-of-the-art in this field at the different scales of data measurement and analysis.