Provides ways to conceptualize and analyze manufacturing systems and supply chains in terms of material flow, information flow, capacities, and flow times. Fundamental building blocks: Inventory and Queuing Models, Forecasting and Uncertainty, Optimization, Process Analysis, Linear Systems and System Dynamics. Factory Planning: Flow Planning, Bottleneck Characterization, Buffer and Batch-Size Tactics, Seasonal Planning, Dynamics and Learning for Various Process Flow Topologies and for Various Market Contexts.