Large human genetic databases, especially those that are biomedical and forensic, have emerged since the completion of the Human Genome Project. However, this development has occurred in a time of intense public ambivalence to life science and genomics innovations. Controversies revolve around genetic modification, stem cell technologies and human genetic databases. Debate about databases focuses on how to balance the benefits from genetic research against civic concerns, typically, privacy and unfair discrimination and, more recently, public trust.